An experimental study of near wall flow parameters in the blade end-wall corner region

The near wall flow parameters in the blade end-wall corner region is investigated. The blade end-wall corner region was simulated by mounting an airfoil section (NACA 65-015 base profile) symmetric blades on both sides of the flat plate with semi-circular leading edge. The initial 7 cm from the leading edge of the flat plate was roughened by gluing No. 4 floor sanding paper to artificially increase the boundary layer thickness on the flat plate. The initial flow conditions of the boundary layer upstream of the corner region are expected to dictate the behavior of flow inside the corner region. Therefore, an experimental investigation was extended to study the combined effect of initial roughness and increased level of free stream turbulence on the development of a 2-D turbulent boundary layer in the absence of the blade. The measurement techniques employed in the present investigation included, the conventional pitot and pitot-static probes, wall taps, the Preston tube, piezoresistive transducer and the normal sensor hot-wire probe. The pitot and pitot-static probes were used to obtain mean velocity profile measurements within the boundary layer. The measurements of mean surface static pressure were obtained with the surface static tube and the conventional wall tap method. The wall shear vector measurements were made with a specially constructed Preston tube. The flush mounted piezoresistive type pressure transducer were employed to measure the wall pressure fluctuation field. The velocity fluctuation measurements, used in obtaining the wall pressure-velocity correlation data, were made with normal single sensor hot-wire probe. At different streamwise stations, in the blade end-wall corner region, the mean values of surface static pressure varied more on the end-wall surface in the corner region were mainly caused by the changes in the curvature of the streamlines. The magnitude of the wall shear stress in the blade end-wall corner region increased significantly in the close vicinity of the corner line. The maximum value of the wall shear stress and its location from the corner line, on both the surfaces forming the corner region, were observed to change along the corner. These observed changes in the maximum values of the wall shear stress and its location from the corner line could be associated with the stretching and attenuation of the horseshoe vortex. The wall shear stress vectors in the blade end-wall corner region were observed to be more skewed on the end-wall surface as compared to that on the blade surface. The differences in the wall shear stress directions obtained with the Preston tube and flow visualization method were within the range in which the Preston tube was found to be insensitive to the yaw angle

Ion Adsorption Properties of Molybdenum Ferrocyanide, Tungsten Ferrocyanide & Multiloaded Molybdenum Ferrocyanide- Dowex Exchangers

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A stable mode of bookmarking by TBP recruits RNA polymerase II to mitotic chromosomes.

Maintenance of transcription programs is challenged during mitosis when chromatin becomes condensed and transcription is silenced. How do the daughter cells re-establish the original transcription program? Here, we report that the TATA-binding protein (TBP), a key component of the core transcriptional machinery, remains bound globally to active promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells during mitosis. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we observed that TBP mitotic binding is highly stable, with an average residence time of minutes, in stark contrast to typical TFs with residence times of seconds. To test the functional effect of mitotic TBP binding, we used a drug-inducible degron system and found that TBP promotes the association of RNA Polymerase II with mitotic chromosomes, and facilitates transcriptional reactivation following mitosis. These results suggest that the core transcriptional machinery promotes efficient transcription maintenance globally

Extra-judicial killings in India: a crisis of justice, faith and public morality?

This post discusses extrajudicial killings in India, the consequent legal challenges they create, and the increasing normalisation of such encounters through pop culture and public acclamation. Gauri Kumar and Naina Bhargava highlight these arguments using specific examples, and present the existing response of the Supreme Court of India regarding extrajudicial killings

An investigation on the role of ytterbium in ytterbium promoted y-alumina-supported nickel catalysts for dry reforming of methane

Addition of low quantities of ytterbium to sol-gel prepared Ni/yAl2O3 catalysts has been shown to lead to significant increases in catalytic activity and long term stability in the catalytic conversion of CO2 and CH4 into syngas (H2 and CO). The role of ytterbium in these catalysts was investigated in this study through detailed investigations on the structure and composition of ytterbium promoted Ni/y-Al2O3 catalysts using the following techniques: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, Temperature Programmed Reduction techniques and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results obtained indicated that ytterbium, at small quantities (up to 2 wt%), interacted strongly with the support which in turn altered the interaction between nickel and the support (most notably it was found to completely inhibit the formation of NiAl2O4). This decreased interaction between Ni and the support also led to a higher quantity of Ni being present in the catalyst in the form of Ni